Chinese capital has expanded overseas at remarkable speed, driven by enormous financial resources.
Infrastructure investments symbolized by the Belt and Road Initiative were welcomed in many countries.
At the same time, however, frictions over how these projects were carried out have steadily increased.
In parts of Africa and South Asia, debates over debt terms and contractual transparency escalated into political issues.
Locally, a fundamental question emerged: Is this development, or dependence?
In some cases, tensions even led to public protests.
What drew criticism was not the capital itself, but the management style behind it.
